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Liver Extract
 

MEDICAL JOURNALIST REPORT OF INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF FROZEN, LIQUID, BOVINE LIVER GROWTH FACTORS


The Pathology of Viral Hepatitis

A fairly common systemic disease, viral hepatitis is marked by hepatic cell destruction, necrosis, and autolysis, leading to anorexia, jaundice, and hepatomegaly.  More than 70,000 cases of the illness are reported annually in the United States. Today, five types of viral hepatitis are recognized
 
Type A (infectious or short-incubation hepatitis). The incidence of hepatitis A is rising among homosexuals and for those persons with an immunosuppression related to an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The ingestion of seafood from polluted waters can cause it too.
Type B (serum or long-incubation hepatitis). Also increasing among HIV-positive individuals, hepatitis B accounts for up to 10 percent of postransfusion viral hepatitis cases in the United States.  It is alsotransmitted by human secretions and by feces, as during intimate sexual contact and from the transfer of viruses into food prepared by infected restaurant workers.
Type C (undetermined as to specific organism type).  This disease organism is mostly acquired by blood transfusion from asymptomatic donors. Of all the hepatitis viral diseases, type C hepatitis is on the fastest rise among Americans.
Type D is found most frequently as a complication of acute or chronic hepatitis B, because this type D virus requires that sister organism's double-shelled surface antigen to replicate.
Type E(formerly grouped with type C under the name type non-A, non-B hepatitis).  It primarily occurs among people recently returned from an endemic, area such as India, Africa, Asia or Central America.
 
Of the five viral hepatitis diseases, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are most dangerous because they have a high risk of developing into liver cancer.

Defining Live Cell Liver Peptide Growth Factors 

From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A., three investigating pathologists, Drs. N. Fausto, A.D. Laird, and E.M. Webber, advise: "During liver regeneration quiescent hepatocytes [liver cells] undergo one or two rounds of replication and then return to a nonproliferative state.  Growth factors regulate this process by providing both stimulatory and inhibitory signals for cell proliferation.” (1)

The idea of intrinsic hepatic growth control factors produced by animal and human liver cells has been stated in published reports, which date back as Iong as forty-six years ago. (2,3,4,5,6)  Much of this early research was conducted on rats and dogs, (7) but currently clinical investigations among both healthy human volunteers and really sick people have taken place.

Comprised of the tiniest of protein molecules which biochemists and physiologists call peptides, these growth factors are of an exceedingly low molecular weight (30,000 Da) which yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis. The Dalton with a symbol of D or Da, also called an atomic mass unit is equivalent to 1.657 X 10 (24) gm.  Peptide growth factors form by loss of water from the NH2and COOH molecular groups of adjacent amino acids and are additionally referred to in biochemistry as di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. peptides, depending on the number of amino acids in the molecule. Thus peptides make up the constituent parts of proteins.  Examples of those several dozen peptides from the human liver and other organs which often give birth to growth factors are:  hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and dozens more. (7,8,9,10)

According to which of the various scientific disciplines are being queried, different names exist for peptide growth factors. Historically, for instance, cell biologists have called members of their identified growth factor-type set of molecules "growth factors"; immunologists have named their growth factor-types "interleukins," “lymphokines," or "cytokines"; while hematologists have used the growth factor-type descriptive term "colony stimulating factors" (CSF).  However, the present generally delineating nomenclature of "growth factors" has been and is now widely used throughout the world's scientific literature.

Thegrowth factor term is now used consistently among almost every scientific and medical discipline because in almost every case it reflects the context of the original discovery or isolation of any peptide.  Since essentially all of these many molecules are multifunctional, it's not easy to conceive of unique new names for them that would be entirely satisfactory; almost all of them are “panregulins," that is they react as universal regulators of the particular organ from which they derive. As you’ll learn below,  for the animal and human body, actually, peptide growth factors are physiological symbols for the transfer of signals or a kind of language of biological regulation. (11,12)

Peptides often promote cell growth, but they also can inhibit it; moreover, they regulate many critical cellular functions, such as in the control of cell differentiation and other processes which have little to do with growth itself.  All peptide growth factors actin sets.  To understand their actions, one must always consider the biological context in which they act.

Peptide growth factors provide an essential means for a cell to communicate with its immediate environment.  They ensure that there is proper local homeostatic balance between the numerous cells that comprise a tissue or organ.  Since a cell must adjust its behavior to changes in its environment, the cell needs mechanisms to provide this adaptation.  Therefore the tissue cells either singularly or collectively use sets of peptide growth factors as signaling molecules to communicate with each other and to alter their own behavior to respond appropriately to their biological context.

The most important peptide growth factors of the liver's hepatocytes have been identified as a collection of hormones called somatomedins.  These liver hormones are peptides which produce major effects on the growth of bone and muscle.  Also they influence the metabolism of ingested minerals, including calcium, phosphate, carbohydrate, and lipid. Somatomedins growth factors are indirectly stimulated to divide by the pituitary hormone somatotropin (also referred to as growth hormone by endocrinologists).
 
The peptide growth factors act by binding to functional receptors which transduce their signals, and the peptides themselves may be viewed as bifunctional molecules. The following are two main responses or actions that peptide growth factors accomplish:
 
They possess an afferent function in that there is the conveying of information to cellular receptors, providing them with information from outside the organism's cell, tissue, or organ.
They have an efferent function in that there is the inception of any latent biochemical activity of the receptor.
 
 
The Peptide Growth Factors within Liver Cells

 
A certain piece of geographic knowledge in nature's lore presented in the paragraph immediately below perhaps best illustrates how peptide growth factors mustbe considered cell-to-cell signals rather than as the equivalents of metallic parts of a machine.  They offer up physiological symbols of communication within the organ systems of nearly all animal organisms.  Peptides possess the unique action ofserving as a significant means to convey information from one cell to another or from one organ to the next, including the brain and central nervous system, and their action in this regard is contextual.

Natural lore shows us the way peptide growth factors act to convey information inside their animal host.  I ask you to visualize the reversal of host animal peptide growth factors communication in the following context:  It's a fact that in two closely located islands off the coast of South Africa, a rock lobster and a large snail have reversed their predator-prey relationships. On island "Gamma" the lobster preys on the snail, finds it, attacks it, and eats its soft parts with gusto.  Fifty nautical miles to the east on island "Omega," a reversal of the roles between prey and predator takes place. The same species of snail that had been eaten now preys on the same species of lobster by approaching it, extending a probing foot, burying that foot into the lobster’s body, and sucking out its gizzards. (13)

What produces the reversal in predator-prey relationship?  It's the host animals' peptide growth factors.  Within each of the animal organisms, their growth factors alter attitude so as to become contextual; they signal differing elements of an intercellular language.  To be contextual means that the whole situation, background, or environment becomes relevant to this particular animalistic prey-predator event as determined by molecular makeup of the participants’ peptide growth factors.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the known peptide growth factors, regulates the protein synthesis in a human being's liver cells (hepatocytes).  Also transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), another set of peptide growth factors produced by normal human fibroblasts, additionally regulates the synthesis and secretion of human immunoglobulins by B-lymphocytes." (14, 15)  Since both TGF-beta and IL-6 are also synthesized by immune cells, these molecules provide a means of communication between the immune system and its immediate neighbors.  The liver is part of almost every detoxification process; therefore, hepatocytes of the liver often are significantly involved with the metabolism of neighboring cells.

Inasmuch as the liver's natural function makes it a part of all aspects of physiological repair in the presence of body pathology, its peptide growth factors must be critical determinants of every aspect of tissue trauma or illness response.  As such, liver cell peptide growth factors have important and necessary therapeutic applications. The peptide growth factors whose functions and applications are described below by Stewart Lanson, M.D., of Scottsdale, Arizona and Howard Benedict, D.C., of New York City bring major impacts to the practice of clinical medicine and nutritional science. These peptide growth factors are involved in repair of both soft and hard body tissues, immunosuppression, enhancement of immune cellular function, improvement of bone marrow function in numerous disease states, treatment of many proliferative diseases, including for the remission of cancer, the marked lowering of serum cholesterol, (16) and for the elimination of all hepatitis viral diseases, but most especially for hepatitis B and C. (17)
 
 
Stuart Lanson, M.D., Treats Hepatitis C with Liver Peptides
 
"I use the liquid liver peptides for those of my patients who are environmentally ill with xenobiotics, allophatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, PCBs, and solvents, all stored in body fat but able to be measured in their blood in parts per billion," says Scottsdale, Arizona clinical ecologist Stuart Lanson, M.D.  As medical director of the Scottsdale Ear, Nose, Throat, Allergy, and Environmental Health Center, Dr. Lanson is an allergist and holds board certification in environmental medicine.  "For those patients who have problems with their detoxification systems, I employ the frozen, liquid liver extract as a  standard treatment.  Also I use this extract for those people suffering from the various hepatitis illnesses, most particularly for viral hepatitis C.

"For example, a woman in her early forties coming to me from a nearby Arizona city had a clear diagnosis of hepatitis C. All of her liver enzymes were severely elevated and her symptoms included an enlarged tender liver, lethargy, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, joint pains, and jaundice," says Dr. Lanson.  “I put her on multiple nutritional supplements, an elevated dosage of olive leaf extract, and NatCell Liver.  I did this in order to have these substances work together against the virus and to strengthen my patient's liver organ.  Also I treated some of her allergies with immunotherapy and preservative-free antigens,” states Dr. Lanson.

"This woman has now dramatically improved. Her liver enzymes have returned to normal levels and her various symptoms have left.  She reports normal amounts of energy as before she contracted hepatitis C," Dr. Lanson declares, and “my patient has now returned to work, expressed her happiness to me and basically is quite well.”

“I do need to put in the limiting information that most of these hepatitis C patients do not show improvements in their viral counts.  The counts continue to remain elevated even though my patients exhibit wellness and state that they feel better. The viral numbers do not seem to lower significantly," Dr. Lanson admits, and blood tests indicate that their viruses have not disappeared.”

“Still, I do treat many hepatitis C patients who respond just fine to the strengthening of their liver organs by their sublingually ingesting the live cell liver treatment.  This treatment overcomes their severe fatigue, impaired liver function, and elevated liver enzymes.  They see noticeable symptomatic improvement!  Invariably the patients' fatigue goes away, and they are able to work once again. Of course, I add other modalities besides the bovine liver growth factors, but these peptides are definitely helpful in repairing damaged liver organs.  My finding is that the tiny live proteins repair a damaged liver," affirms Dr. Stuart Lanson.
 
 
Some Clinical Journal Reports of Liver Extract Enhancing Effects

 
Among hundreds of clinical journal research reports able to be acquired from an internet search of Medline, here are only a few advising about the great physiological and metabolic advantages made available by liver growth factors.  Research on liver growth factors was conducted both on animals and cultures in laboratories plus on sick patients receiving treatment in clinics and medical offices.

From the Department of Internal Medicine at Keio University in Tokyo, Japan, researchers report that a combined preparation of liver growth factors and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) has been widely used for patients with chronic liver disease.  In particular, those Japanese suffering with hepatitis C viral infections (HCV) benefited from intravenous injections of this preparation. It seems to be a potent agent to enhance the anti-viral efficacy of interferon (IFN) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). (18)

Extracts from the weaning pig liver, although not bovine, also have acted synergistically with hepatocyte growth factors to stimulate improved function of the liver cells.  The researchers did report that in the absence of added porcine growth factors, the extracts had no activity. (19)

From the Third Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College in Saitama, Japan we learn about the peptide growth factor we know as Transforming Growth Factors-alpha (TGF-alpha).  These particular growth factors cause biological activity when coming in contact with an extract of human exocrine pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (20)

Two mitogenic pepticles in bovine liver extracts show mitogenesis and other metabolic activity when coming in contact (in the laboratory) with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). (21)

Originally described as a hepatocyte peptide specific mitogen, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent stimulator of DNA synthesis in a wide variety of cell types.  It has the unique ability to transmit information that determines the spatial organization of epithelial cells in tissues as well as induce cell migration and invasion of extracellular matrix in a variety of epithelial cells. HGF is involved in physiological processes such as embryogenesis and development and in pathophysiological processes such as regeneration and carcinogenesis. (22)

Investigations conducted at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, U.S.A. indicate that HGF is an important mediator of interactions for carrying on human mitogenesis, motogenesis, and morphogenesis. (23)

As a mesenchymal-derived morphogen, HGF supports epithelial branching duct formation in the developing lung.  It prevents the onset or progress of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis and accompanying severe liver failure. HGF may be used successfully as treatment for vascular diseases, gastric ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and neuronal diseases. (24)

From the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh, we learn that HGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), TGF-alpha, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin, and norepinephrine play important roles in the sequential changes of gene expression, growth factor production, and morphologic structure. (25)
 
 
The Potential Healing Benefits of Live Cell Liver Peptides
 
Located under the diaphragm while occupying most of the right hypochondrium and part of the epigastrium of the abdomen, the liver provides vital functions for one's body by means of its growth factors.

In preparing for our interview about his use of frozen, liquid, bovine liver peptide growth factors, Dr. Howard Benedict, a nutrition-oriented chiropractor practicing in New York City, discussed with me the potential healing benefits of these frozen liver peptides.  In summary Dr. Benedict offers the following information about the liver's numerous growth factors:
 
They have vascular functions in that they cause the liver to store blood, regulate blood clotting, cleanse blood, discharge waste products into the bile, and aid the immune system by filtering the blood to remove bacteria and adding certain immune factors.
They have secretory functions in that they aid the digestion by synthesizing and secreting bile and keeping hormones in balance.
They have metabolic functions in that they help to manufacture new proteins; produce quick energy; regulate fat storage; control the production and excretion of cholesterol; store certain vitamins, minerals, and sugars; metabolize alcohol, carbohydrates, proteins, and fat; and proceed with detoxifying, neutralizing, and destroying xenobotic substances such as drugs, pesticides, chemicals, and pollutants.
They are therapeutic when administered for fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and damage to the liver as the result of exposure to internal and environmental toxins.
 
 
"Patients consulting me receive a functional liver assessment or test," says Dr. Benedict, “and I check their phase one and phase two metabolic liver detoxification processes.  A patient's liver is challenged with caffeine or aspirin to determine its function; and if there is elevation of enzymes, tissues within the liver designed for detoxification are tested for breakdown. Liver enzyme elevation indicates such tissue breakdown.  That being the case, I intervene on behalf of the patient toenhance his or her health and wellbeing on a functional level way before there isthe onset of disease.”

"For those people with far advanced liver pathology, the usual orthomolecular nutritional treatment protocols such as the taking of vitamin C, alpha lipoic acid, milk thistle, curcuminoids, dandelion, green tea, and others are not enough.  More aggressive and effective treatment required is the NatCell Liver," Dr. Benedict advises. "Such therapy helps the patient's liver regenerate. In many situations, especially in chronic illnesses, giving someone a chance by feeding his or her ailing organ the live liver peptide growth factors, taken from a bovine source, does the job."
 
 
How to Use the Frozen, Liquid Bovine Peptide Growth Factors

 
Howard Benedict, D.C., conforms to the manufacturer's suggested instructions for patient and health professional use of the frozen, liquid extract.  The manufacturer's product package insert tells us that the liquid extract is marketed as a food supplement only for oral use and should always be kept frozen. The insert also states:
 
Peptides should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning or in the evening, either half an hour before or two hours after a meal.
They come in a seven-cubic centimeter vial of frozen liquid which should be thawed by holding the vial in the hand.
Shake the contents well before unscrewing the vial cap.
Pour half of the vial's 7 cc-content (3.5 cc) under the tongue.
Hold the liquid sublingually for five minutes, and then swallow it.
Repeat this same action with the second half of liquid.
Keep the vial closed between each step.
According to Dr. Benedict, who adheres to the manufacturer’s recommendations, use should be as a nutritional supplement at the rate of one or two vials per week.
This frozen, liquid, bovine liver peptide live cell extract may not be suitable for pregnant or nursing women and children under twelve years of age.
 
 
References:
Fausto, N.; Laird, A.D.; Webber, EH. "Liver regeneration. 2. Role of growth factors and cytokines in hepatic regeneration." Journal of FASEB. 9(15):1527-1536, Dec. 1995.
Teir, H. and Ravanti, K. Experimental Cell Research. 5:500, 1953.
Blomqvist,K. Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand, Suppl. 121, 1957.
Levi, J.U. and Zeppa, R.J. Surgical Research. 12:114, 1972.
Compagno, J. and Grisham, J. Western Federal Proceedings. 32:837, 1973.
Lloyd, E.A.; Crozier, N.; Pamphlet, G.; Wells, M.; Saunders, S.J. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 55:251, 1974.
Starzl, T.E.; Terblanche, J.; Porter, K.A.; Jones, A.F.; Usui, S.; Mazzoni, G. "Growth-stimulating factor in regenerating canine liver." The Lancet. January 20, 1979, pp. 127-130.
Michalopoulos, G.K. Journal of FASEB. 4:176-187, 1990.
Russell, W.E. and DuBois, R.N. in Liver Disease in Children. (Suchy, F.J. and Craven, L., Eds.) (St. Louis: Mosby, 1994), pp. 11-30.
LaBrecque, D. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 69:S86­S96, 1994.
Sporn, M.B. and Roberts, A.B. Teptide growth factors and inflammation, tissue repair and cancer." Journal of Clinical Investigation. 78:329-332, 1986.
Sporn, M.B. and Roberts, A.B. "Peptide growth factors are multifunctional." Nature.332:217-219.
Barkai, A. and McQuaid, C. "Predator-prey role reversal in a marine benthic ecosystem." Science. 242:62-64, 1988.
Sehgal, P.B.; May, L.T.; Tamm, I.; Vilcek, J. "Human Beta-2 interferon and B-cell differentiation factor BSF-2 are identical." Science. 235:731-732, 1987.
Kishimoto, T. and Hirano, T. "Molecular regulation of 6­lymphocyte response," Annual Review of Immunology. 6:485-512, 1988.
Nimer, S.D.; Champlin, R.E.; Golde, D.W. "Serum cholesterol ­lowering activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Journal of the American Medical Association. 260:3297-3300, 1988.
Saito, H.; Ebinuma, H.; Tada, S.; Tsunematsu, S.; Atsukawa, K.; Masuda, T.; Tsuchiya, M.; Ishii, H. "Enhancing effect of the liver extract and flavin adenine dinculeotide mixture on anti-viral efficacy of interferon in patients with chronic hepatitisC." Keio Journal of Medicine. 45(l):48-53, March 1996.
Ibid.
Nelson, C.; Moffat, B.; Jacobsen, N.; Henzel, W.J.; Stults, J.T.; King, K.L.; McMurtrey, A.; Vandlen, R.; Spencer, S. "Giycerophosphoryiethanolamine (GPEA) identified as an hepatocyte growth stimulator in liver extracts." Experimental Cell Research. 229(l):20-26, Nov. 1996.
Akatsu, T.; Nagata, N.; Kugai, N.; Yasutomo, Y.; Kinoshita, T.; Kosano, H.; Takaatani, 0.; Takishima, K.; Mamiya, G. "On the activities of parathyroid hormone-like factor and transforming growth factors in extract of pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy." Acta Endocrinology (Copenhagen). 118(2):232-238, June 1988.
Ueno, N.; Baird, A.; Esch, F.; Shimasaki, S.; Ling, N.; Guillemin, R. "Purification and partial characterization of mitogenic factor from bovine liver: structural homology with basic fibroblast growth factor." Regulation Pept, 16(2):135-145, Dec. 1986.
Rodriguez-Fragoso, L. "Physiologic and physiopathologic role of hepatocyte growth factor." Review of Investigational clinics, 50(4):355-367, July/Aug. 1998.
Balkovetz, D.F. and Lipschutz, J.H. "Hepatocyte growth factor and the kidney: it is not just for the liver." International Review of Cytology. 186:225­260, 1999.
Matsumoto, K. and Nakamura, T. "HGF: its organotrophic role and therapeutic potential." Ciba Foundation Symposium. 212:198-211, 1997.
Michalopoulos, G.K. and DeFrances, M.C. "Liver regeneration." Science. 276(5309):60-66, Apr. 4, 1997.
 
 

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